Real Rate of Growth of Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) and of Agriculture, Industry,
and Services Sectors, 1950-96 (in percentages)

| Year |
GDP |
Agriculture |
Industry |
Services |
| 1950 |
6.8 |
1.5 |
11.3 |
7.1 |
| 1951 |
4.9 |
0.7 |
6.4 |
9.9 |
| 1952 |
7.3 |
9.1 |
5.0 |
10.8 |
| 1953 |
4.7 |
0.2 |
8.7 |
-0.1 |
| 1954 |
7.8 |
7.9 |
8.7 |
13.0 |
| 1955 |
8.8 |
7.7 |
10.6 |
3.5 |
| 1956 |
2.9 |
-2.4 |
6.9 |
4.7 |
| 1957 |
7.7 |
9.3 |
5.7 |
9.0 |
| 1958 |
10.8 |
2.0 |
16.2 |
5.4 |
| 1959 |
9.8 |
5.3 |
11.9 |
1.2 |
| 1960 |
9.4 |
4.9 |
9.6 |
13.0 |
| 1961 |
8.6 |
7.6 |
10.6 |
11.9 |
| 1962 |
6.6 |
5.5 |
7.8 |
3.3 |
| 1963 |
0.6 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
2.9 |
| 1964 |
3.4 |
1.3 |
5.2 |
2.0 |
| 1965 |
2.4 |
12.1 |
-4.7 |
1.3 |
| 1966 |
6.7 |
-1.7 |
11.7 |
5.8 |
| 1967 |
4.2 |
5.7 |
3.0 |
5.8 |
| 1968 |
9.8 |
1.4 |
13.2 |
8.9 |
| 1969 |
9.5 |
6.0 |
12.2 |
8.4 |
| 1970 |
10.3 |
5.6 |
10.4 |
10.2 |
| 1971 |
11.3 |
10.2 |
11.8 |
11.2 |
| 1972 |
11.9 |
4.0 |
14.2 |
12.4 |
| 1973 |
14.0 |
0.1 |
17.0 |
15.6 |
| 1974 |
8.2 |
1.3 |
8.5 |
10.6 |
| 1975 |
5.2 |
6.6 |
4.9 |
5.0 |
| 1976 |
10.3 |
2.4 |
11.7 |
11.6 |
| 1977 |
4.9 |
12.1 |
3.1 |
5.0 |
| 1978 |
5.0 |
-2.7 |
6.4 |
6.2 |
| 1979 |
5.8 |
4.7 |
6.8 |
7.8 |
| 1980 |
9.2 |
9.5 |
9.2 |
9.0 |
| 1981 |
-4.4 |
8.0 |
-8.9 |
-2.2 |
| 1982 |
0.7 |
-0.5 |
0.0 |
2.0 |
| 1983 |
-3.4 |
-0.6 |
-5.8 |
-0.8 |
| 1984 |
5.0 |
3.4 |
6.6 |
4.1 |
| 1985 |
8.3 |
10.0 |
8.3 |
6.5 |
| 1986 |
7.5 |
-8.0 |
11.8 |
8.3 |
| 1987 |
3.6 |
15.0 |
1.0 |
3.3 |
| 1988 |
-0.1 |
0.8 |
-2.6 |
2.3 |
| 1989 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
| 1990 |
-4.0 |
-3.7 |
-8.0 |
-0.8 |
| 1991 |
0.3 |
2.8 |
-1.8 |
1.6 |
| 1992 |
-0.8 |
5.4 |
-3.7 |
0.0 |
| 1993 |
4.2 |
-1.0 |
6.9 |
3.5 |
| 1994 |
6.0 |
9.3 |
7.0 |
4.2 |
| 1995 |
4.3 |
5.1 |
2.1 |
6.0 |
| 1996 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
Source: Based on information from Fundação Getúlio
Vargas, Conjuntura Econômica [Rio de Janeiro], various
issues; Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia
e Estatística, Estatísticas históricas
do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 1990; and Fundação
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Sistema
IBGE de Recuperação Automática--SIDRA 97
(Internet address: http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br).
Principal Components of the Current
Account, 1970-96 (in millions of United States dollars)
| Year |
Exports |
Imports1 |
Trade Balance |
Net Services |
Current Account2 |
| 1970 |
2,739 |
2,507 |
232 |
-815 |
-562 |
| 1971 |
2,904 |
3,245 |
-341 |
-980 |
-1,307 |
| 1972 |
3,991 |
4,235 |
-244 |
-1,250 |
-1,489 |
| 1973 |
6,199 |
6,192 |
7 |
-1,722 |
-1,688 |
| 1974 |
7,951 |
12,641 |
-4,690 |
-2,433 |
-7,122 |
| 1975 |
8,670 |
12,210 |
-3,540 |
-3,162 |
-6,700 |
| 1976 |
10,128 |
12,383 |
-2,255 |
-3,763 |
-6,017 |
| 1977 |
12,120 |
12,023 |
97 |
-4, 134 |
-4,037 |
| 1978 |
12,659 |
13,683 |
-1,024 |
-6,037 |
-6,990 |
| 1979 |
15,244 |
18,084 |
-2,840 |
-7,920 |
-10,742 |
| 1980 |
20,132 |
22,955 |
-2,823 |
-10,152 |
-12,807 |
| 1981 |
23,293 |
22,091 |
1,202 |
-13,135 |
-11,734 |
| 1982 |
20,175 |
19,395 |
780 |
-17,083 |
-16,311 |
| 1983 |
21,899 |
15,429 |
6,470 |
-13,415 |
-6,837 |
| 1984 |
27,005 |
13,916 |
13,090 |
-13,215 |
45 |
| 1985 |
25,639 |
13,153 |
12,486 |
-12,877 |
-241 |
| 1986 |
22,348 |
14,044 |
8,304 |
-13,694 |
-5,304 |
| 1987 |
26,224 |
15,052 |
11,172 |
-12,678 |
-1,436 |
| 1988 |
33,789 |
14,605 |
19,184 |
-15,104 |
4,174 |
| 1989 |
34,383 |
18,263 |
16,120 |
-14,800 |
1,564 |
| 1990 |
31,414 |
20,661 |
10,753 |
-15,369 |
-3,782 |
| 1991 |
31,620 |
21,041 |
10,579 |
-13,542 |
-1,407 |
| 1992 |
35,793 |
20,554 |
15,239 |
-11,339 |
6,143 |
| 1993 |
38,597 |
25,256 |
13,341 |
-15,585 |
-592 |
| 1994 |
43,545 |
33,079 |
10,466 |
-13,542 |
-1,689 |
| 1995 |
46,506 |
49,621 |
-3,115 |
-11,339 |
-17,742 |
| 1996 |
47,747 |
53,286 |
-5,539 |
-15,585 |
-24,347 |
Source: Based on information from Fundação Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Estatísticas
históricas do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 1964-86; Fundação
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Anuário
estatístico do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 1990; and Fundação
Getúlio Vargas, Conjuntura Econômica [Rio
de Janeiro], May 1991.
Nominal and Real Interest Rates in International
Markets, 1970-96 (in percentages)
| Year |
Nominal LIBOR |
Nominal United States Prime Rate |
WPI Industrial Countries |
Real LIBOR |
Real United States Prime Rate |
| 1970 |
8.9 |
7.7 |
4.1 |
4.8 |
3.6 |
| 1971 |
7.1 |
5.7 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
2.4 |
| 1972 |
6.0 |
5.3 |
4.0 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
| 1973 |
9.4 |
8.0 |
12.4 |
-3.0 |
-4.4 |
| 1974 |
10.8 |
10.8 |
21.0 |
-10.2 |
-10.2 |
| 1975 |
7.8 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
| 1976 |
6.1 |
6.8 |
7.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.3 |
| 1977 |
6.4 |
6.8 |
7.2 |
-0.8 |
-0.4 |
| 1978 |
9.2 |
9.1 |
5.7 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
| 1979 |
12.2 |
12.7 |
10.9 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
| 1980 |
14.0 |
15.3 |
13.8 |
0.2 |
1.5 |
| 1981 |
16.7 |
18.9 |
9.0 |
7.7 |
9.9 |
| 1982 |
13.6 |
14.9 |
5.4 |
8.2 |
9.5 |
| 1983 |
9.9 |
10.8 |
3.3 |
6.6 |
7.5 |
| 1984 |
11.3 |
12.0 |
3.6 |
7.7 |
8.4 |
| 1985 |
8.6 |
9.9 |
1.5 |
7.1 |
8.4 |
| 1986 |
6.9 |
8.4 |
-3.3 |
10.2 |
11.7 |
| 1987 |
7.3 |
8.2 |
0.9 |
6.4 |
7.3 |
| 1988 |
8.1 |
9.3 |
3.0 |
5.1 |
6.3 |
| 1989 |
9.3 |
10.9 |
4.4 |
4.9 |
6.5 |
| 1990 |
8.4 |
10.0 |
2.7 |
5.7 |
7.3 |
| 1991 |
6.1 |
8.5 |
0.6 |
5.5 |
7.9 |
| 1992 |
3.6 |
6.0 |
0.5 |
3.1 |
5.5 |
| 1993 |
3.4 |
6.0 |
0.5 |
2.9 |
5.5 |
| 1994 |
5.1 |
7.7 |
1.1 |
4.0 |
6.6 |
| 1995 |
5.9 |
9.0 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
5.9 |
| 1996 |
5.7 |
8.3 |
1.0 |
4.7 |
7.3 |
Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund,
International Financial Statistics, Washington, various
issues.
Table 7. Index of Real Gross Domestic
Product, 1950-96 (1970=100)
| Year |
Index (in percentages) |
Year |
Index (in percentages) |
| 1950 |
28.7 |
1974 |
155.1 |
| 1951 |
30.4 |
1975 |
163.2 |
| 1952 |
33.0 |
1976 |
179.1 |
| 1953 |
33.9 |
1977 |
187.4 |
| 1954 |
37.3 |
1978 |
196.5 |
| 1955 |
39.9 |
1979 |
210.6 |
| 1956 |
41.1 |
1980 |
229.9 |
| 1957 |
44.4 |
1981 |
219.8 |
| 1958 |
47.9 |
1982 |
221.1 |
| 1959 |
50.5 |
1983 |
213.5 |
| 1960 |
55.4 |
1984 |
224.8 |
| 1961 |
60.2 |
1985 |
242.7 |
| 1962 |
64.4 |
1986 |
261.1 |
| 1963 |
65.4 |
1987 |
270.5 |
| 1964 |
67.3 |
1988 |
270.3 |
| 1965 |
69.1 |
1989 |
279.2 |
| 1966 |
71.7 |
1990 |
267.9 |
| 1967 |
75.2 |
1991 |
270.8 |
| 1968 |
83.6 |
1992 |
268.4 |
| 1969 |
91.9 |
1993 |
279.7 |
| 1970 |
100.0 |
1994 |
295.8 |
| 1971 |
111.5 |
1995 |
308.5 |
| 1972 |
124.8 |
1996 |
317.4 |
| 1973 |
142.3 |
|
|
Source: Based on information from Fundação Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Estatísticas
históricas do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 1990; Fundação
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Anuário
estatístico do Brasil, various issues; and Fundação
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Sistema
IBGE de Recuperação Automática--SIDRA 97
(Internet address: http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br).
Table 8. Index of Average Real Minimum
Wage, 1960-96 (1980=100)
| Year |
Index (in percentages) |
Year |
Index (in percentages) |
| 1960 |
129.94 |
1979 |
97.51 |
| 1961 |
149.25 |
1980 |
100.00 |
| 1962 |
127.14 |
1981 |
98.69 |
| 1963 |
114.95 |
1982 |
99.12 |
| 1964 |
119.89 |
1983 |
87.86 |
| 1965 |
113.68 |
1984 |
81.24 |
| 1966 |
102.40 |
1985 |
83.90 |
| 1967 |
98.14 |
1986 |
82.29 |
| 1968 |
98.80 |
1987 |
64.04 |
| 1969 |
97.43 |
1988 |
63.23 |
| 1970 |
95.56 |
1989 |
68.47 |
| 1971 |
95.82 |
1990 |
46.72 |
| 1972 |
92.69 |
1991 |
45.12 |
| 1973 |
96.24 |
1992 |
45.46 |
| 1974 |
90.83 |
1993 |
47.47 |
| 1975 |
77.36 |
1994 |
36.09 |
| 1976 |
95.52 |
1995 |
35.85 |
| 1977 |
95.83 |
1996 |
36.39 |
| 1978 |
97.92 |
|
|
Source: Based on information from Donald V. Coes, Macroeconomic
Crises, Policies, and Growth in Brazil, 1964-90, Washington:
World Bank, 1995; and Fundação Getúlio Vargas,
Conjuntura Econômica [Rio de Janeiro], various issues.
Major Permanent Crops: Area Harvested,
Production, Mean Productivity, Production Value, and Major Producing
States, 1993
| Main Product |
Area Harvested (hectares) |
Production (1,000 tons) |
Mean Productivity (kilograms per hectare) |
Production Value (millions of CR$) |
Major Producing State |
| Apples |
25,652 |
3,494 |
136,200 |
18,706 |
Santa Catarina |
| Avocados2 |
15,112 |
423 |
28,004 |
2,766 |
São Paulo |
| Bananas |
520,014 |
558 |
1,073 |
39,994 |
Bahia |
| Cocoa (beans) |
734,124 |
341 |
464 |
25,933 |
Bahia |
| Cashew nuts |
726,140 |
77 |
106 |
5,600 |
Piauí |
| Coconut2 |
231,660 |
837 |
3,615 |
15,987 |
Bahia |
| Coffee (beans) |
2,259,332 |
2,558 |
1,131 |
189,529 |
Minas Gerais |
| Cotton, seed (arboreous) |
137,333 |
8 |
57 |
388 |
Ceará |
| Grapes |
60,200 |
787 |
13,079 |
30,839 |
Rio Grande do Sul |
| Guavas2 |
8,479 |
1,392 |
164,172 |
2,737 |
São Paulo |
| Hevea (coagulated latex) |
51,626 |
54 |
1,048 |
3,989 |
São Paulo |
| Lemons2 |
43,967 |
7,220 |
164,214 |
12,637 |
São Paulo |
| Mangoes2 |
53,107 |
1,610 |
30,316 |
6,548 |
São Paulo |
| Oranges2 |
800,505 |
93,986 |
117,408 |
223,355 |
São Paulo |
| Palm oil (nuts) |
69,714 |
657 |
9,421 |
4,866 |
Pará |
| Papayas2 |
26,322 |
1,081 |
41,069 |
21,844 |
Bahia |
| Passion fruit2 |
32,539 |
3,004 |
92,324 |
7,943 |
Pará |
| Peaches2 |
18,954 |
1,273 |
67,173 |
6,153 |
Rio Grande do Sul |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pepper (black) |
23,572 |
42 |
1,793 |
2,652 |
Pará |
| Sisal |
179,105 |
126 |
703 |
3,327 |
Bahia |
| Tangerines2 |
48,586 |
4,891 |
100,663 |
10,397 |
São Paulo |
| Yerba maté (green leaves) |
18,841 |
227 |
12,066 |
2,466 |
Rio Grande do Sul |
Source: Based on information from Fundação Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Directoria de Pesquisas,
Departmento de Agropecuária, Agricultural Production
Survey [Rio de Janeiro], 1995.
Major Temporary Crops: Area Harvested,
Production, Mean Productivity, Production Value, and Major Producing
States, 1993
| Main Product |
Area Harvested (hectares) |
Production (1,000 tons) |
Mean Productivity (kilograms per hectare) |
Production Value (millions of CR$) |
Major Producing State |
| Beans (grain) |
3,884,341 |
2,478 |
638 |
102,930 |
Paraná |
| Cassava |
1,810,895 |
21,837 |
12,058 |
140,049 |
Pará |
| Corn (grain) |
11,870,763 |
30,051 |
2,531 |
283,455 |
Paraná |
| Cotton, seed (herbaceous) |
922,593 |
1,127 |
1,221 |
28,245 |
Paraná |
| Garlic |
17,441 |
87 |
4,984 |
12,004 |
Santa Catarina |
| Onions |
71,910 |
929 |
12,914 |
17,844 |
São Paulo |
| Pineapples |
39,719 |
835 |
21,012 |
15,044 |
Paraíba |
| Potatoes |
162,063 |
2,368 |
14,608 |
30,509 |
Paraná |
| Rice (paddy) |
4,411,315 |
10,108 |
2,291 |
154,100 |
Rio Grande do Sul |
| Soybeans (grain) |
10,635,300 |
22,575 |
2,122 |
232,973 |
Rio Grande do Sul |
| Sugarcane |
3,864,488 |
244,344 |
63,227 |
317,622 |
São Paulo |
| Tobacco (leaves) |
372,912 |
658 |
1,763 |
22,916 |
Rio Grande do Sul |
| Tomatoes |
53,726 |
2,348 |
43,706 |
48,701 |
São Paulo |
| Wheat |
1,462,741 |
2,156 |
1,474 |
38,467 |
Paraná |
Source: Based on information from Fundação Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Directoria de Pesquisas,
Departmento de Agropecuária, Agricultural Production
Survey [Rio de Janeiro], 1995.
Number of Livestock and Poultry by Region,
1992 (in thousands)
| Region |
Cattle |
Buffalo |
Horses |
Goats |
Sheep |
Hogs |
Poultry |
| Center-West |
48,788 |
127 |
954 |
164 |
418 |
3,341 |
30,787 |
| North |
15,847 |
877 |
550 |
267 |
328 |
4,216 |
30,437 |
| Northeast |
26,912 |
117 |
1,780 |
10,928 |
7,974 |
9,752 |
109,947 |
| South |
25,451 |
195 |
1,208 |
452 |
10,848 |
11,085 |
271,280 |
| Southeast |
37,443 |
107 |
1,837 |
350 |
387 |
6,139 |
197,174 |
| TOTAL |
154,441 |
1,423 |
6,329 |
12,160 |
19,956 |
34,532 |
639,625 |
Source: Based on information from Fundação Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Directoria de Pesquisas,
Departamento de Agropecuária, Livestock and Poultry Production
Survey [Rio de Janeiro], 1995.
Table 12. Monetary Units, 1942-94
| Monetary Unit |
Date Created |
Relation to Preceding Unit |
| Cruzeiro (Cr$) |
October 5, 1942 |
Cr$1.00=1,000 reis |
| Cruzeiro novo (NCr$) |
February 8, 1967 |
NCr$1.00=Cr$1,000 |
| Cruzeiro (Cr$) |
May 15, 1970 |
Cr$1.00=NCr$1.00 |
| Cruzado (Cz$) |
February 28, 1986 |
Cz$1.00=Cr$1,000 |
| Cruzado novo (NCz$) |
January 15, 1989 |
NCz$1.00=Cz1,000 |
| Cruzeiro (Cr$) |
March 16, 1990 |
Cr$1.00=NCz$1,000 |
| Cruzeiro real (CR$) |
August 1, 1993 |
CR$1.00=Cr$1,000 |
| Real (R$) |
July 1, 1994 |
R$1.00=CR$2,750 |
Source: Based on information from Donald V. Coes, Macroeconomic
Crises, Policies, and Growth in Brazil, 1964-90, Washington,
1995, 172.
Principal Components of the Balance
of Payments, 1981-96 (in millions of United States dollars)
| Year |
Trade Balance |
Net Services |
Current Account |
Capital Account |
Interest Payments |
| 1981 |
1,202 |
-13,135 |
-11,734 |
12,773 |
-9,161 |
| 1982 |
780 |
-17,083 |
-16,311 |
7,851 |
-13.494 |
| 1983 |
6,470 |
-13,415 |
-6,837 |
2,103 |
-11,008 |
| 1984 |
13,090 |
-13,215 |
45 |
253 |
-11,471 |
| 1985 |
12,486 |
-12,877 |
-241 |
-2,554 |
-11,259 |
| 1986 |
8,304 |
-13,694 |
-5,304 |
-7,108 |
-11,126 |
| 1987 |
11,172 |
-12,678 |
-1,436 |
-7,986 |
-10,318 |
| 1988 |
19,184 |
-15,104 |
4,174 |
-8,685 |
-12,085 |
| 1989 |
16,120 |
-14,800 |
1,564 |
-4,179 |
-12,016 |
| 1990 |
10,753 |
-15,369 |
-3,782 |
-4,715 |
-9,748 |
| 1991 |
10,579 |
-13,542 |
-1,407 |
-4,148 |
-8,621 |
| 1992 |
15,239 |
-11,339 |
6,143 |
25,271 |
-7,253 |
| 1993 |
13,341 |
-15,585 |
-592 |
10,115 |
-8,280 |
| 1994 |
10,466 |
-13,542 |
-1,689 |
14,294 |
-6,338 |
| 1995 |
-3,115 |
-11,339 |
-17,742 |
30,703 |
-8,158 |
| 1996 |
-5,539 |
-15,585 |
-24,347 |
n.a. |
-9,840 |
Source: Based on information from Fundação Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Estatísticas
históricas do Brasil, Section 11.6, Rio de Janeiro,
1981-86; Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia
e Estatística, Anuário estatístico do Brasil,
1986-88, Rio de Janeiro, 1990; and Fundação Getúlio
Vargas, Conjuntura Econômica [Rio de Janeiro], various
issues, 1989-96.
Public-Sector National Income Accounts,
1970-90
| Year |
Total Tax Receipts |
Net Transfers |
Interest on Domestic Debt |
Interest on External Debt |
Net Receipts of Public Sector |
Total Noninterest Expenditures |
Net Public- Sector Saving |
Noninterest Public- Sector Surplus |
| |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5=1-2-3-4 |
6 |
7=5-6 |
8=1-2-6 |
| 1970 |
26.3 |
8.8 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
17.0 |
11.3 |
5.6 |
6.2 |
| 1971 |
25.2 |
7.8 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
17.0 |
11.2 |
5.7 |
6.2 |
| 1972 |
25.9 |
7.8 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
17.7 |
10.7 |
7.0 |
7.5 |
| 1973 |
25.0 |
7.8 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
16.7 |
10.0 |
6.7 |
7.2 |
| 1974 |
25.1 |
8.2 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
16.4 |
9.4 |
7.0 |
7.5 |
| 1975 |
25.2 |
9.4 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
15.2 |
10.2 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
| 1976 |
25.1 |
8.8 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
15.7 |
10.5 |
5.2 |
5.9 |
| 1977 |
25.6 |
8.7 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
16.2 |
9.4 |
6.7 |
7.4 |
| 1978 |
25.7 |
10.0 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
15.0 |
9.7 |
5.3 |
6.0 |
| 1979 |
24.7 |
9.7 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
14.1 |
9.9 |
4.2 |
5.1 |
| 1980 |
24.7 |
11.6 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
11.9 |
9.2 |
2.7 |
3.9 |
| 1981 |
24.7 |
10.9 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
12.4 |
9.3 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
| 1982 |
25.3 |
11.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
12.0 |
10.0 |
1.9 |
4.2 |
| 1983 |
25.1 |
11.0 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
10.9 |
9.7 |
1.2 |
4.4 |
| 1984 |
21.8 |
9.4 |
2.4 |
1.8 |
8.3 |
8.3 |
0.0 |
4.2 |
| 1985 |
22.5 |
8.8 |
3.4 |
1.5 |
8.8 |
9.9 |
-1.0 |
3.8 |
| 1986 |
25.4 |
9.4 |
3.6 |
1.4 |
11.0 |
10.7 |
0.3 |
5.2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1987 |
23.3 |
9.1 |
3.1 |
1.4 |
9.6 |
12.2 |
-2.5 |
2.0 |
| 1988 |
21.9 |
8.4 |
3.1 |
1.7 |
8.6 |
12.6 |
-4.0 |
0.9 |
| 1989 |
21.9 |
9.4 |
6.1 |
2.0 |
4.4 |
14.3 |
-9.9 |
-1.8 |
| 1990 |
27.4 |
10.0 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
13.4 |
15.6 |
-2.2 |
1.8 |
Source: Based on information from Fundação Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Departamento Nacional
de Contas, Rio de Janeiro, 1992.
Annual Inflation Rate, 1964-96 (in percent
change in consumer price index)
| Year |
Index |
Year |
Index |
| 1964 |
83.9 |
1981 |
109.9 |
| 1965 |
37.0 |
1982 |
95.4 |
| 1966 |
37.6 |
1983 |
154.5 |
| 1967 |
24.3 |
1984 |
220.6 |
| 1968 |
23.5 |
1985 |
225.5 |
| 1969 |
20.0 |
1986 |
142.3 |
| 1970 |
19.0 |
1987 |
224.8 |
| 1971 |
19.2 |
1988 |
684.5 |
| 1972 |
15.6 |
1989 |
1,320.0 |
| 1973 |
15.7 |
1990 |
2,739.7 |
| 1974 |
33.6 |
1991 |
414.7 |
| 1975 |
29.0 |
1992 |
991.4 |
| 1976 |
45.0 |
1993 |
2,103.7 |
| 1977 |
42.7 |
1994 |
2,406.8 |
| 1978 |
38.7 |
1995 |
14.8 |
| 1979 |
53.9 |
1996 |
9.3 |
| 1980 |
100.2 |
|
|
Source: Based on information from Fundação Getúlio
Vargas, Conjuntura Econômica [Rio de Janeiro], various
issues.
Nominal Tariff Rate Average by Sector,
Selected Years, 1980-94 (in percentages)
| Sector |
1980 |
1990 |
1991 |
19921 |
19931 |
19941 |
| Agricultural and forestry products |
16.4 |
12.7 |
11.0 |
9.9 |
9.1 |
n.a. |
| Beverages |
179.0 |
75.2 |
63.7 |
53.5 |
34.7 |
19.7 |
| Chemicals |
48.2 |
17.5 |
13.1 |
11.7 |
10.0 |
9.5 |
| Clothing and foot- wear |
181.2 |
38.3 |
33.6 |
27.0 |
20.3 |
16.4 |
| Communications and electrical products |
95.4 |
45.2 |
37.0 |
31.9 |
26.2 |
21.5 |
| Food products |
107.8 |
26.7 |
20.7 |
17.0 |
14.9 |
13.1 |
| Furniture |
148.2 |
38.6 |
31.7 |
24.7 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
| Machinery and equipment |
56.3 |
40.7 |
30.7 |
26.1 |
21.3 |
19.6 |
| Metals |
77.4 |
27.0 |
20.8 |
17.6 |
14.6 |
12.3 |
| Mining |
27.0 |
6.0 |
3.8 |
2.2 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
| Nonmetallic mineral products |
109.4 |
25.9 |
14.8 |
12.2 |
8.3 |
7.2 |
| Paper and paper products |
120.2 |
18.1 |
9.6 |
7.7 |
6.8 |
6.7 |
| Perfumes and cosmetics |
160.5 |
58.2 |
41.6 |
28.7 |
24.0 |
19.6 |
| Pharmaceuticals |
27.9 |
24.7 |
18.5 |
15.7 |
12.8 |
12.6 |
| Plastics |
203.8 |
39.2 |
35.3 |
30.0 |
21.5 |
18.8 |
| Rubber and rubber products |
107.3 |
51.4 |
36.7 |
29.3 |
20.7 |
15.2 |
| Textiles |
167.3 |
35.7 |
34.7 |
27.6 |
23.8 |
17.0 |
| Tobacco products |
184.6 |
79.1 |
69.5 |
60.0 |
37.3 |
19.1 |
| Transportation equipment |
101.9 |
47.0 |
37.0 |
31.4 |
25.7 |
21.3 |
| Wood and wood products |
125.3 |
21.1 |
11.3 |
10.7 |
10.2 |
9.9 |
| Miscellaneous |
87.0 |
43.9 |
35.0 |
28.5 |
22.4 |
17.3 |
| Simple average |
115.8 |
31.4 |
24.6 |
20.4 |
16.4 |
13.6 |
| Standard deviation |
51.7 |
17.7 |
15.2 |
12.6 |
9.3 |
6.9 |
Source: Based on information from Honório Kume and Guida
Piani, "A política de importação no período
1991-1994," Rio de Janeiro, 1991.
|