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The expanded notion of cognitive interaction is exemplified in
the following posted messages from the studied forum:
1. A question about a Muslim wedding night: is everyone really
waiting outside the door to see the "bloody" sheets? (I
still think it's pathetic that they expect women to bleed all over
the sheets) I would think that maybe they'd be in their own houses
waiting and then the sheets would be taken sheets? (I still think
it's pathetic that they expect women to bleed all over the sheets)
I would think that maybe they'd be in their own houses waiting and
then the sheets would be taken
2. I was wondering the same thing… Are they overdramatizing
the whole situation with the bloody sheet or is this true to life?
3. As a muslim.. i can assure you... this pathetic display
of waiting for bleeding.. is not a requirement or part of religion.
But, unfortunately, there are some close minded people that do this...
or make it a part of marriage rituals. It is more of a cultural
thing than muslim. Like in my culture i am suppose to be wearing
a red dress rather than white like latifa and jade did.
And, i think since jade let the suspicion of her virginity out in
public. That is why tio ali had to proove his dignity and let nazira
witness the virginity. Incase of Latiffa... no one stood outside
her room it was done the next day in the morning.,, and only women
looked at it.
The level that the audiences overtly interact with the characters,
for example, sometimes talking to them, or crying with them defines
behavioral oriented parasocial interaction. It is also established
when audiences talk among themselves about the characters. When
viewers predict what is going to happen to characters or they think
about the program after it is over are also exhibitions of behavioral
interaction (Rubin & Perse, 1987). A classical example of behavioral
parasocial interaction is the case when viewers dressed up and actually
went to church to attend the wedding in “Simplemente Maria”
(Singhal, Obregon, & Rogers, 1994).
Because of the context that the research takes place, an online
message board, it is already implied that the message writers demonstrate
behavioral interaction since they are talking among themselves about
the novela and also thinking about it after it is over. However,
keeping true to this study theoretical framework, behavioral interaction
is also considered as Freire’s notion that action and reflection
equates praxis, and Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy and
collective efficacy. For example, if posters search for other source
of information, if they report that they bought books, go on the
Internet, or if they enroll in classes, all of these examples are
considered as behavioral interaction. Some excerpts of posted messages
illustrating behavioral oriented parasocial interaction are as follow:
1. …Now Said, on the other had, I'm liking more and more.
He had to have his suspicions regarding Jade's virginity (or lack
there of). When he asked his uncle about the punishment for the
man who dishonored a woman, you could see how he quickly discarded
the idea of having Lucas punished when he found out that Jade would
be punished as well. As I saw him cut his own arm and tell Jade
that his own sin was even bigger than hers, I found myself almost
screaming at Jade through the tv. How can you not see how incredible
this man is? Heck, I fell in love with Said!
2. I found the following article on the internet, giving an
explanation of the Muslim calendar, followed by a list of the Muslim
holidays. I thought it was interesting, so I decided to share it
with all of you….
Referential involvement is the degree to which the viewers relate
a media message to their own lives. It happens when audience members
discuss the television content in reference to their own experiences,
placing themselves in the situation of the television program (Liebes
& Katz, 1986). Papa et. al. (2000) posit that behavior change
as a result of exposure to a media character is less likely to occur
if the audience members cannot relate their experiences to the ones
of the media character. Following are some posted messages that
exemplify referential involvement:
1. If I were in Jade's shoes, I would have loved Said and forgotten
Lucas, but that's not the way the novela was written. I think most
women here would cherish being loved by a man the way Said loved
Jade, and if he was a bit restrictive, it's to be understood because
it was his culture and background. But he was in fact much less
restrictive than other Muslim men would have been; how many Muslim
men (or men of other cultures which insist on virginity) would have
done what he did on his wedding night?
2. I am also a Muslim born woman, but to be honest I can see
some members of my family reflected somehow in the characters LOL!!,
it makes me laugh the way the present if, but we always need to
keep in mind it is a soap-opera! and the purpose is to entertain
the audience. I do also think it shows more about cultural behavior,
it's fun to watch!!
Critical involvement is when the audiences suggest different plots
and engage in the artistic construction of the program (Liebes &
Katz, 1986). For research purposes, critical involvement is also
interpreted as the suggestions for different approaches, corrections
and disagreement or concordance to what is expressed in the telenovela
“El Clon” regarding Muslim culture, as understood by
the message posters. Here are some examples:
1. I love the novela EL CLON dearly i am obsesed with it, lemme
just tell you that before i start. i dont wanna anger any fans i
am one of the biggest fans i know that!!!
I am Morroccan and muslim and i want you to know a lot of stuff
is done wrong!
Muslim women have a lot more rights than el clon shows. A woman
cannot be forced to marry It i s haram!!! under any circumstances
it is haram(forbidden). a woman has her own rights and property
under islam. A man can't remarry whenever he feels like it. A new
law in morocco and Egypt is written consent of the first wife Also,the
custody of children is ususally to the mother. Yes the kids beling
to the father, meaning that they have his last name and his religion
and belong to his family not hers, but in case of a divorce they
go w/ the mother until they are old enough to decide. There is alot
of other things I can't remember. Oh and I havent seen this epidoe
but D summaries said for and episode Jade asks if her opinion counts
for anything and he says men are higher in the quran the women!!!!
i wanted to punch the computer screen. thats not true the are equal
in the eyes off god it says that.
They overdid things and made stuff up just to fit the story and
I felt insulted being moroccan and muslim. They insulted me, fellow
fans of el clon you have to understand i dont know of there is another
arab or morroccan here.
Also i havent seen it from the beginning and i see alot of you guys
have the tapes of el clon where did u get them!! I really want it
on vhs too! if anyone can sell me a copy or something i will ove
them forever.
I just posted this cuz i dont want anyone to have any wrong
ideas about my land or my religion.
2. Doesn’t Khadija ever learn…. Doesn't she ever
get tired of the same old refrain...much oro...inshala!!!! Come
on girl, can't you see how your mother is suffering for taking that
path! You've got a good brain, use it!
In any case, I hope she winds up with the chubby kid and he
makes her work for a living. It will be really funny if she loved
him madly but he gave her no oro inshala.
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